Nepal has a population of approximately 27 million, representing a rich blend of over 100 ethnic groups and communities. These groups speak around 93 languages and dialects, reflecting the country’s remarkable cultural diversity. While modern Nepal is moving towards inclusivity, caste distinctions continue to influence social structures, particularly in traditional aspects like marriage.

Some of the major ethnic groups in Nepal include:

• Gurungs and Magars – Predominantly found in the western regions.
• Rais, Limbus, and Sunwars – Inhabit the eastern middle hills.
• Sherpas, Manangbas, and Lopas – Reside in the high-altitude regions near Everest, Annapurna, and Mustang.
• Newars – The indigenous people of the Kathmandu Valley, known for their rich cultural heritage.
• Tharus, Yadavas, Satars, Rajbanshis, and Dhimals – Primarily settled in the Terai plains.
• Brahmins, Chhetris, and Thakuris – Found across various regions of the country.

The official language of Nepal is Nepali, spoken and understood by most of the population. Additionally, English is widely used in government and business sectors and serves as the primary medium of instruction in many private schools, particularly in Kathmandu and other urban areas.